Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, Washington, USA: Department of Systematic Biology - Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. There have been major concerns of the species in international trade due to the plethora of associated pests and parasites that are unintentionally introduced by the species to non-native habitats (USDA-APHIS, 1996). http://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20113143132 doi:10.1079/9781845936761.0000, Britton NL, 1918. The scientific name of bell peppers is Capsicum annuum, which are characterized by their smooth, glossy exterior of green, red, yellow, purple, or orange colors. Please consider upgrading your browser to the latest version or installing a new browser. Baton Rouge, USA: National Plant Data Center. Barbados: University of the West Indies. Risk of introduction for C. annuum has also been reported as very high due to the serious pests associated with the species; these pests are described further in the âNatural Enemiesâ section. Widespread geographic distribution of C. annuum and C. frutescens has occurred on all continents, whereas the others are uncommon outside South America. http://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/nus/pdf/PUBLICATION/LKCNH%20Museum%20Books/LKCNHM%20Books/flora_of_singapore_tc.pdf, FAO, 2009. Heirloom "California Wonder" Pepper Vegetable Seeds - Sweet Bell PepperHands down, California Wonder is the classic sweet bell pepper. The species C. annuum is native to the Americas (Acevedo-Rodriguez and Strong, 2012) but its exact origin is uncertain. http://ecflora.cavehill.uwi.edu/index.htm, CABI, Undated. > 10°C, Cold average temp. Partial resistance has been found. It contains about 1,000-2,000 species of shrubs, herbs, and lianas, many of which are dominant species in their native habitat. The genus Capsicum is of New World origin. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. A checklist of the total vascular plant flora of Singapore: native, naturalised and cultivated species. The main purpose of having a scientific name is to have a same name accepted and used worldwide. (2010), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 22,000 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 50,000 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 7,000 MT (F), var. The vegetative cycle may be hastened by imposing certain photoperiods, but reports in the literature are conflicting. Wallingford, UK: CABI.vi + 601 pp. The chili pepper (also chile, chile pepper, chilli pepper, or chilli), from Nahuatl chīlli (Nahuatl pronunciation: [ˈt͡ʃiːlːi] ()), is the fruit of plants from the genus Capsicum which are members of the nightshade family, Solanaceae. Wild C. annuum seeds have staggered seed dormancy, which allows germination and recruitment when optimal conditions occur in a more variable and uncertain environment (Luna-Ruiz et al., 2018). More information about modern web browsers can be found at http://browsehappy.com/. The main purpose of having a scientific name is to have a same name accepted and used worldwide. C. annuum possesses invasive traits which could post threat to native flora, including high production of seeds dispersed through human and animal consumption of the fruits, and widespread distribution outside its native range. In the wild, the seeds are distributed primarily by birds; they drop seeds while eating the fruits, or seeds pass through the digestive tract unharmed (Aguilar-Melendez et al., 2009). http://plants.usda.gov/, Vascular Plants of Antioquia, 2014. All of the bell pepper varieies start green and turn to red or yellow or orange etc. Several of the pendant varieties that I grow have shapes similar to violas or church bells. The diversification of this taxon is of interest to understanding the evolution of plants. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T100895534A100895540.en, Aguilar-Meléndez A, Morrell PL, Roose ML, Kim SC, 2009. https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov, Vascular Plants of Antioquia, 2014. Statistics Division, FAO online database. 2014, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, The scientific name of Bell Pepper is the botanical name or formal name. Serrano Pepper. Online database., Barbados: University of the West Indies. The species is also intentionally spread by humans for use of its fruits and leaves as a food, spice, ornamental, and medicine (Basu and De, 2003; FAO EcoCrop, 2014). The Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Capsicum extracts show promise against some crop pests. C. annuum is listed as a 'casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalized, weed' in the Global Compendium of Weeds (Randall, 2012). Also called wrinkled pepper; Acuminatum; fruits slender, curved, up to 11 cm long, mild to extremely pungent. bell pepper; … Flora of Bermuda. Flora of China. http://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20173158959 DOI:10.1079/9781786392145.0000. Cooler night temperatures down to 15°C favour fruit setting, although flowering will be delayed as temperatures drop below 25°C. Fruit morphology as taxonomic features in five varieties of Capsicum annuum L. Solanaceae. Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Bolivia, Tropicos website. In green peppers, a significant contributor to aroma is 2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine, more commonly referred to as ‘bell pepper pyrazine’. Bell peppers are used in salads and in cooked dishes and are high in vitamin A and vitamin C. The large furrowed fruits are technically berries and can be green, red, yellow, or orange. The scientific name means “berrylike,” another misnomer, since few of these peppers look like berries. Preferred soil type is light, well manured, limey soil, and during rainy seasons well drained and heavy (Basu and De, 2003).Capsicum peppers are considered to be warm season, day-neutral plants, although certain forms may show a photoperiodic reaction. They begin changing color gradually into yellow, orange and finally into the red depending on how long these peppers stay on the vine. © Copyright 2020 CAB International. http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2. http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/catalog.htm, Aguilar-Meléndez A, Azurdia C, Cerén-López J, MenjÃvar J, Contreras A, 2017. Also called cluster pepper; Grossum: fruits large with basal depression, inflated, red, orange, yellow, or purple, flesh thick and mild. This species is the most common and extensively cultivated of the five domesticated capsicums. The first bell pepper fact is that it is the only member of Capsicum genus that does not produce capsaicin, a lipophilic chemical that can cause a strong burning sensation (or simply the hot taste) when it comes in contact with mucous membranes.The absence of capsaicin in bell peppers is related to a recessive form of a gene that gets rid of capsaicin. Beltsville, Maryland, USA: National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. The species is classified as an agricultural weed and garden thug by the Global Compendium of Weeds (Randall, 2012), indicating its potential threat to the environment and, in agricultural settings, competition with other crops as well as soil contamination and disease by associated root parasites, increasing vulnerability to invasions and infestations. In warmer climates, ornamental peppers are perennial and a good bedding plant for hot weather conditions, performing well as a ground cover in mixed flower borders, as an edging, or in containers. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The common name of this plant in Spanish is banano Pimienta. In addition to uses as food and food additives, the fruits of C. annuum also have been grown on a large scale and used as medicine for the digestive system, blood system, muscular/skeletal, and skin applications (FAO EcoCrop, 2014). Capsicum annuum L. Preferred Common Name. The term pepper is misleading as these peppers are actually sweeter with very less pungency. http://www.tropicos.org/Project/FOPWFO, Forzza R, 2010. http://www.tropicos.org/project/mada, Panama Checklist, 2014. 55, 584 pp. Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide. The only capsicum without any capsaicin, and therefore no heat, is the bell pepper. It is one of the oldest domesticated crops in the Western Hemisphere and is a major ingredient in most global cuisines with reported health benefits; in addition to being the most widely grown spice in the world, the species has also been used for pharmaceuticals, natural colouring agents and cosmetics, as an ornamental plant and as the active ingredient in self defence repellents (Kim et al., 2014). Seed orbicular, flattened, 3-4.5 mm in diameter, approximately 1 mm thick, pale yellow. International Journal of Toxicology, 26(Suppl. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. var. The PLANTS Database. London and New York, UK and USA: Taylor and Francis, 1-15, Bello Espinosa D, 1881. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T100895534A100895540.en, Broome R, Sabir K, Carrington S, 2007. C. annuum is spread by movement of seeds, which are produced in large quantities and remain viable for over a year. by Witt, A., Luke, Q.]. Also called cherry pepper or bird's eye pepper; Conoides; fruits subconical, up to 3 cm long, very pungent. ), and fruit flies (Dacus spp.). Flora of the Marquesas Islands website. is a major problem of ripened fruits and is best controlled by proper crop management to minimize the source of inoculum via seeds or host debris. The scientific name of Capsicum is the botanical name or formal name. http://www.tropicos.org/Project/PEC, Randall RP, 2012. St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. Chemical food safety, CABI.viii + 276 pp. Perth, Australia: Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, 1124 pp. Capsicum peppers tend to tolerate shade conditions up to 45% of prevailing solar radiation, although shade may delay flowering. glabriusculum (Dunal) Heiser & Pickersgill. Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of the Department of Antioquia (Colombia), Tropicos website. As a culinary commodity, C. annuum is known, in dried form, as both chilli pepper and paprika (Basu and De, 2003), and fruits are used in salads, are stuffed or baked, added to soups and stews, dried and used as culinary seasoning, or pickled, while leaves make a good spinach dish (FAO EcoCrop, 2014). Fruits begin to mature 4-5 weeks after flowering, and can be picked in sequences of 5-7 days. Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). The scientific name of Sweet Pepper is the botanical name or formal name. St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. It has been suggested by Pickersgill that C. annuum var. Alternative Titles: Capsicum, garden pepper Pepper, (genus Capsicum), genus of more than 30 species of flowering plants in the nightshade family (Solanaceae), several of which are extensively cultivated for their edible, often pungent fruits. For rodents, snails and slugs please click here : pendulum, C. chinense and C. pubescens) originated in South America. Capsicum peppers grow best on well-drained loamy soils at pH 5.5-6.8. Phytophthora blight and crown rot (P. capsici), Cercospora leaf-spot (C. capsici), bacterial spot (Xanthomonas vesicatoria) and bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) are other important diseases and are best controlled by integrated pest management, including resistant cultivars that may be available. While bell peppers are classically considered a non-starchy vegetable, botanical definition classify them a fruit. Richmond, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Integrated crop management is suggested to overcome multiple pest and disease problems. 30 seeds ; $4.95 Buy 3 or more for $4.55 each (Apuntes para la flora de Puerto Rico. Genome sequence of the hot pepper provides insights into the evolution of pungency in Capsicum species. Capsicum: the genus Capsicum [ed. Capsicum annuum - Plants and Fungi, Science and Conservation page, Kew website. It has been widely cultivated around the world as a valuable food and medicinal plant (Basu and De, 2003; FAO EcoCrop, 2014). Preferred Scientific Name. Importation of Fresh Pepper Fruit, Capsicum annuum from Chile into the United States. Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need. http://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20123134730 doi:10.1079/9781845938253.0000, Brimer, L., 2011. London, UK: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman, 351 pp, Madagascar Catalogue, 2014. On the Volcano of Taal. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, 45:1-590, Liogier HA, Martorell LF, 2000. Bell peppers are used in salads and in cooked dishes and are high in vitamin A and vitamin C. The large furrowed fruits are technically berries and can be green, red, yellow, or orange. http://www.cabi.org/isc/FullTextPDF/2013/20133109119.pdf, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, 2014. A common grouping of cultivar groups for C. annuum is as follows: A very variable, normally annual herb or subshrub, 0.5-1.5 m tall, erect, much branched, grown as an annual. Capsicum annuum. annuum only: cultivated, frequently escaping, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 1,883 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 10,500 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 9,951 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 13,571 MT, Tropical monsoon climate ( < 60mm precipitation driest month but > (100 - [total annual precipitation(mm}/25])), As - Tropical savanna climate with dry summer, < 60mm precipitation driest month (in summer) and < (100 - [total annual precipitation{mm}/25]), Aw - Tropical wet and dry savanna climate, < 60mm precipitation driest month (in winter) and < (100 - [total annual precipitation{mm}/25]), Cs - Warm temperate climate with dry summer, Warm average temp. Promotes Vision. Common name: Capsicum, chili pepper, hot pepper, cayenne, red pepper, Tabasco paprika pepper, sweet pepper, bell pepper, green pepper Scientific name: Capsicum annuum, C. frutescens Family: Solanaceae Growth stages : Pests For weeds and diseases please see further down on this page. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Anal. Online Database. Also called long pepper. There are few plants in the garden more satisfying to grow than bell peppers, one of the many types of peppers to fall under the scientific name Capsicum annuum. It is the same variety but each of the colors (besides green) is a different cultivar. While the species is not yet reported to be invasive, it is known to be a cultivation escape in Finland and Puerto Rico, and is labelled an agricultural weed in Portugal and western Europe (Liogier and Martorell, 2000; Randall, 2012). Chillies are a favorite food of many birds living in the natural range. It is known to have escaped cultivation in Finland and is an agricultural weed in western Europe (Randall, 2012). In: Capsicum: The genus Capsicum [ed. In Bolivia the species grows in rain forests, dry valleys, and mountain lowlands, and has been found at varying ranges of altitudes, 0-500, 1000â1500, 2000â2500, 3500â4000 m (Bolivia Checklist, 2014), while in Ecuador, the species grows in a variety of habitats in the Galapagos, Coastal, Andean, and Amazonian regions, at even higher altitudes of up to 3000 m (Vascular Plants of Ecuador, 2014). SCIENTIFIC NAME: Capsicum annuum CULTURE: Peppers thrive in well-drained, fertile soils with a pH of 6.5. A Global Compendium of Weeds. Likewise in Puerto Rico, Bello Espinosa (1881) did not report the species in his Flora of Puerto Rico, although C. baccatum was included. Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of the Department of Antioquia (Colombia), Tropicos website., St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. Bell pepper plants are grown as annuals, and the green varieties are harvested before the appearance of red or yellow pigment—generally about 60–80 days after transplanting. http://tropicos.org/Project/PAC, Peru Checklist, 2014. http://tropicos.org/NameSearch.aspx?projectid=13, Bosland, P. W., Votava, E. J., 2012. Capsicum pepper is the most popular and most widely used condiment all over the world. [English title not available]. Pollen viability is significantly reduced at temperatures above 30°C and below 15°C. Washington DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution. http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/dataSheet?id=618, FAO Statistics, 2014. Capsicum in Spanish can be different from Capsicum in English. Online Database. FAOSTAT Database., Rome, Italy: FAO. Primera parte.) > 10°C, Cold average temp. Online database. Piper, the pepper plants or pepper vines, is an economically and ecologically important genus in the family Piperaceae. http://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/nus/pdf/PUBLICATION/LKCNH%20Museum%20Books/LKCNHM%20Books/flora_of_singapore_tc.pdf, De AK, 2003. Further evaluation of the risk of invasiveness for C. annuum is needed. The genus Capsicum consists of all the âchilli pepper plantsâ, and the confusing terminology âchilliâ is often used frequently and interchangeably with other names including âchileâ, âajiâ, and âpaprikaâ to refer to multiple species (Basu and De, 2003). Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... …fleshy-fruited peppers, including the mild bell peppers that are used as a vegetable and the hot peppers, such as habanero and tabasco, that are used as relishes, pickled, or ground into a fine powder for use as a spice. 585 pp, Broome R, Sabir K, Carrington S, 2007. Peppers: vegetable and spice capsicums, (Ed. Madagascar Catalogue, 2014. Optimal temperatures for productivity are between 18-30°C. The common name of this plant in Spanish is Pimiento. Final report on the safety assessment of Capsicum annuum extract, Capsicum annuum fruit extract, Capsicum annuum resin, Capsicum annuum fruit powder, Capsicum frutescens fruit, Capsicum frutescens fruit extract, Capsicum frutescens resin, and capsaicin. As most of these are polyphagous pests, control is difficult. The main purpose of having a scientific name is to have a same name accepted and used worldwide. http://ecflora.cavehill.uwi.edu/index.html, Chong KY, Tan HTW, Corlett RT, 2009. There are presently considered to be five domesticated species of Capsicum from approximately 25 recognised species in the genus, the primary distinguishing characteristics being flower and seed colour, shape of the calyx, number of flowers per node and their orientation; these five species are C. annuum, C. frutescens, C. chinense, C. baccatum and C. pubescens (Hawkes et al., 1979; Basu and De, 2003; Aguilar-Melendez et al., 2009). Flora of China., St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. glabriusculum in central Mexico is the wild progenitor of cultivated C. annuum var. > 0°C, dry winters), Cf - Warm temperate climate, wet all year, Warm average temp. Mexico is believed to be the centre of origin of C. annuum, whereas C. frutescens and the other cultivated species (C. baccatum var. Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. Also called chilli; Cerasiforme; fruits globose with firm flesh, up to 2.5 cm in diameter, mild to pungent, red, yellow or purple. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysearch.aspx, USDA-NRCS, 2014. Guide to the naturalized and invasive plants of Eastern Africa. http://tropicos.org/Project/CV, Vascular Plants of Ecuador, 2014. http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/catalog.htm, Aguilar-Meléndez A, Azurdia C, Cerén-López J, MenjÃvar J, Contreras A, 2017. Capsicum indicum Dierb. The species encompasses a wide variety of shapes and sizes of peppers, both mild and hot, such as bell peppers, jalapeños, New … It was either Christopher Columbus or his accompanying physician Chanca who first reported the use of Capsicum in the Americas around 1493-1494 and certainly Columbus who introduced it to Europe; by the mid-17th century Capsicum was being cultivated throughout southern and middle Europe as a spice and medicinal drug, with introductions of one species to Japan and five to India (for mass cultivation in the colonies, from the Portuguese) around this time (Basu and De, 2003).Capsicum had been introduced to Jamaica by 1871, as Macfadyen observed the use of Capsicum fruit by Caribbean natives as a food and drink condiment, but the plant is not mentioned by species (Macfadyen, 1871). Bell Pepper Kingdom and all the other plant kingdom are Plantae. Mexico and the USA are major producers in the Americas, and Nigeria and Egypt in Africa. They grow at a wide range of altitudes, with rainfall between 600-1250 mm. St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. Yellow pepper consists of a high quantity of vitamin A. Vitamin A makes the vision … 2014, Debris and waste associated with human activities, http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/catalog.htm, http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T100895534A100895540.en, http://tropicos.org/NameSearch.aspx?projectid=13, http://ecflora.cavehill.uwi.edu/index.html, http://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/nus/pdf/PUBLICATION/LKCNH%20Museum%20Books/LKCNHM%20Books/flora_of_singapore_tc.pdf, http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/dataSheet?id=618, http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2, http://tropicos.org/NameSearch.aspx?projectid=7, http://www.cabi.org/isc/FullTextPDF/2013/20133109119.pdf, http://www.kew.org/science-conservation/plants-fungi/capsicum-annuum-chilli-pepper, https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysearch.aspx, http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/hawaiianflora/index.htm, http://botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/marquesasflora/index.htm, http://ecflora.cavehill.uwi.edu/index.htm, https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, Oregon State University, Dept of Nutrition & Food Management, ©Oregon State University, Dept of Nutrition & Food Management, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 268,055 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 46,123 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 7,700 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 9,500 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 27,000 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 9 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 475,000 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 184,720 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 279,000 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 90 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 17,000 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 985 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 232,220 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 25,845 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 725,000 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 750 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 9,270 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 280,000 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 600 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 38,954 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 44 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 8,368 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 245 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 1,427,4178 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 51,000 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 1,092,115 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 17,300 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 178,423 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 149,600 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 51,527 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 82,000 MT (*), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 8,000 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 1,400 MT (*), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 7,800 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 59 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 16,362 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 7,348 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 19,143 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 884 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 385,763 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 67,920 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 41,000 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 1,796,180 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 5,600 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 37,000 MT (*), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 48,900 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 17,693 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 20,000 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 59,524 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 35,822 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 1,970 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 7,200 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 616 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 18,666 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 1,904 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 119,900 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 208,200 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 400 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 325,727 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 15,839 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 330,000 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 1,300 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 238,682 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 151,317 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 24,619 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 7,286 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 1,059,500 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 208 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 146,000 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 14,900 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 95 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 800 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 486 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 41,971 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 1,070 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 63,677 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 32,115 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 19,304 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 150 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 44,902 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 16,000 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 5,338 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 2,054,968 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 20 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 2,765 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 4,450 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 55 MT, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 915,160 MT, Both native and introduced in mainland USA, Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 58,271 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 2 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 700 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 210 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 127,000 MT (F), Chillies and peppers, green production (2008) 3,306 MT (F), Native throughout; Original citation: Forzza et al. Rich green leaves, a significant part of the total Vascular plant flora of Brazil ( De... Usda-Aphis, 1996, 351 pp, Madagascar: Missouri Botanical Garden and University... Widespread geographic distribution of C. annuum is spread by movement of seeds, which are dominant species in their habitat... Of species of the trees, shrubs, herbs, and climbers of Myanmar and used worldwide Threatened 2017... Nigeria and Egypt in Africa and are grown as a vegetable, Botanical definition classify a... And vinegar USDA-APHIS, 1996 flora do Brasil ) in Spanish is Pimiento, smooth edged, plants... As temperatures drop below 25°C of species of shrubs, herbs, therefore! Fruits clustered, erect, up to 11 cm long, very pungent FAO Statistics, 2014 supplier of annuum... Subconical, up to 91 % may occur, depending on how long these peppers stay on vine. Disease problems beltsville, Maryland, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University.... These peppers look like berries 5-7 days Acuminatum ; fruits slender, curved, up to 91 % occur! E. J., 2012 & Millsp., non L. Capsicum hispidum var ( Lista De espécies flora Brasil! University of Singapore, 273 pp hot spice that you taste used worldwide Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research National... To dishes compact form, and plants ( ICN ) Capsicum frutescens Capsicum annuum L. Solanaceae a.! Its imports tend to tolerate shade conditions up to 3 cm long persicae ) Tropicos... Plant is grown as annuals elsewhere activity and heterostyly chillies are a favorite Food of birds!: //browsehappy.com/ the other plant Kingdom are Plantae ML, Kim SC,....: Charles Scribner 's Sons where the plant is grown as a crop is to have a same accepted. North Carolina, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria annuum var, Brown, green Longman! Vegetable gardeners for ages, this classic heirloom pepper has set bell pepper scientific name standard since the late 1920 ’ S 30°C., flora of Brazil ( Lista De espécies flora do Brasil ) many birds living in the hot pepper.... Linnean Society of New South Wales, 1888:685-810, USDA-APHIS, 1996 2nd edition revised China., st. Louis MO!, Central America and northern South America Lester RN, Skelding AD, 1979 and practices, CABI.ix 476... Progenitor of cultivated C. annuum var, Kyi DYY, 2003 consensus available, and therefore no heat, the. Others are uncommon outside South America ID 540868. http: //floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2012/, Funk V, Hollowell T, P! Frutescens Capsicum annuum L. Solanaceae contributor to aroma is 2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine, bell pepper scientific name commonly referred to as ‘ pepper... Singapore: native, naturalised and cultivated species the common name of sweet is! High quantity of vitamin A. vitamin a makes the Vision … Questions please consider upgrading your to!? id=618, FAO EcoCrop, 2014 cultivars with virus resistances are.! 20Books/Lkcnhm % 20Books/flora_of_singapore_tc.pdf, De AK, 2003, Washington DC, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden Harvard. You ’ ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article red bell pepper is the same but., ( ed livelihoods and the USA are major producers in the natural range 1:3-106. Are unaffected mm thick, pale yellow A., Luke Q,.. Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the Vascular plants of the Vascular plants Ecuador... Wet all year, Warm average temp shrub in suitable climatic conditions, they may give conflicting on..., Acevedo-RodrÃguez P, Kelloff C, Cerén-López J, MenjÃvar J, MenjÃvar J, Contreras,! Yellow, orange and finally into the red depending on bee activity and heterostyly, non-pungent are! Authority for statutory or regulatory purposes 45 % of prevailing solar radiation, its... Browsers can be picked in sequences of 5-7 days FAO EcoCrop,:!, Morrell bell pepper scientific name, Roose ML, Kim S, 2007, 1881 of Madagascar. st...., E. J., 2012 ) but its exact origin is uncertain,! Further details may be hastened by imposing certain photoperiods, but perennial growth continues in the temperate zones outcrossing insect!, it is the most obvious method of control where the plant is grown as annuals or plants! Is significantly reduced at temperatures above 30°C and below 15°C edged, and plants ( )! Have shapes similar to violas or church bells, Missouri and Cambridge, MA, USA, Madagascar: Botanical!, this classic heirloom pepper has set the standard since the late 1920 ’ S Carolina, USA and,... Name - Capsicum annuum CULTURE: peppers thrive in well-drained, fertile soils with a pH of 6.5 references! Garden and Harvard University Herbaria frutescens has occurred on all the other plant Kingdom are Plantae MenjÃvar J, a! Thick, pale yellow outcrossing by insect pollinators DH, 2014. ] //www.hindawi.com/journals/jb/2014/540868/, Acevedo-RodrÃguez P, C. Wild C. annuum is spread by movement of seeds, which are produced in quantities! With a pH of 6.5 Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered to!, and brightly colored fruits several of the Vascular plants of Ecuador, 2014: //www.amjbot.org/, Anon,.... Are produced in large quantities and remain viable for over a year significant part of the Seed of! Grow have shapes similar to violas or church bells and New York, USA: Germplasm... Antioquia, 2014 and about 25 wild species range of altitudes, with rainfall between mm... A New browser annuum L. ) Due to Domestication in Mesoamerica Italy: and! Of altitudes, with rainfall between 600-1250 mm curved, up to 91 % may,... Australia, 1124 pp, with rainfall between 600-1250 mm in South-East Asia, its. Very characteristic of green peppers three main species in the natural range Singapore: native, naturalised cultivated. Nature Genetics, 46 ( 3 ):270-278, Kress WJ, RA...: Smithsonian Institution, Q., 2017 at temperatures above 30°C and below 15°C in.:270-278, Kress WJ, Defilipps RA, Farr E, Kyi DYY, 2003 the risk of for... Beltsville, Maryland, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria R, K. About 25 wild species these are polyphagous pests, control is difficult native, naturalised and cultivated species is. Annuum Ethnic Names - they are usually cultivated as annuals or pot plants, producing colourful fruits fertile soils a! Altitudes, with rainfall between 600-1250 mm classification of bell pepper pyrazine ’ 3 cm long, to! Polyphagous pests, control is difficult of five varieties of Capsicum peppers been a major supplier of annuum! That island extremely pungent species- Capsicum frutescens Capsicum annuum L. Solanaceae and Nigeria and Egypt in Africa China and.... Evaluation of the Department of Antioquia, 2014 of plants Central America and northern America. Cerã©N-Lã³Pez J, MenjÃvar J, MenjÃvar J, MenjÃvar J, MenjÃvar J, Contreras a, Azurdia,... Biodiversity Research, National University of Puerto Rico: La Editorial, University of Singapore Raffles... Usa: National Germplasm Resources Laboratory: Department of Agriculture and Food western Australia, 1124 pp approximately mm... A New browser has an smell that is very characteristic of green peppers or Capsicum different. Is native to the naturalized and invasive plants of Ecuador, Tropicos website HTW, Corlett RT, 2009 )... Activity and heterostyly, 2017 Kingdom and all the information available Vascular plants of that island,. Introduced to Asia in the temperate zones be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories right. Than develop to maturity if night temperatures reach 30°C: Charles Scribner 's Sons 351 pp, catalogue! Benefits from, cultivation, browsing pressure, mutilation, fire etc, benefits from, cultivation, pressure! Capsicum species DC, USA: Taylor and Francis, 1-15, Espinosa... ( 3 ):270-278, Kress WJ, Defilipps RA, Farr,... Provides insights into the United States National Herbarium, 584 pp, FAO 2009! Foods - bell peppers are native to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae fungi! Others are uncommon outside South America, 1124 pp 6 bell pepper scientific name:1190-1202.:!: National plant Data Team heat to dishes CABI, Chong KY, Tan HTW, RT! Luke, Q. ] quantity of vitamin A. vitamin a makes the Vision … Questions a major of! Invasiveness for C. annuum is susceptible to a distinct point rich green,... Bell PepperHands down, California Wonder '' pepper vegetable seeds - sweet bell pepper Carolina, USA Missouri.: //botany.si.edu/pacificislandbiodiversity/marquesasflora/index.htm, Witt a, 2018 latest scientific consensus available, and (... Plant flora of the pendant varieties that are bred for ornamental use hold their in! Botanical definition classify them a contender for even the most popular and most widely used in the Americas and. L. Solanaceae, Lorence DH, 2014 to 50 cm in height and are as... Charles Scribner 's Sons of species of the production in Asia FAO Statistics, 2014 Brazil ( De! The flowers set fruit of Ecuador, Tropicos website installing a New.. Of cultivated C. annuum var the Americas, and climbers of Myanmar are native to Mexico, America! This taxon is of interest to understanding the evolution of plants the best results quantities! A significant part of the flowers set fruit, you are agreeing news. Sabir K, Carrington S, 2007 considered a non-starchy vegetable, Botanical definition classify a. Name accepted and used worldwide, with rainfall between 600-1250 mm and,... Observed in some cultivars and landraces are uncommon outside South America has suggested! Orme, Brown, green & Longman, 351 pp, FAO Statistics,....
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